Microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments are cytoskeletal elements that play an essential role in cell division, cytoplasmic organization, cell morphology, and motility. MTs are dynamic polymers of α/β-tubulin heterodimers. At least two populations of MTs, called dynamic and stable according to their rates of turnover, are readily distinguishable in cells. Actin filaments are polymers formed by one of six different actin isoforms found in vertebrates. Actin exists in two principal forms, globular, monomeric (G) actin, and filamentous polymeric (F) actin. Phosphorylation may regulate the activity tubulin and actin isoforms. Cdk1 phosphorylation of Ser-172 in β-tubulin occurs in mitotic cells and may impair tubulin incorporation into microtubules. In Dictyostelium, actin phosphorylation at Tyr-53 occurs in response to cell stress and this phosphorylation may alter actin polymerization. In B cells, SHP-1 tyrosine dephosphorylation of actin leads to actin filament depolymerization following BCR stimulation.
References
Western blot analysis of purified brain tubulin untreated (lanes 1,3,5) or treated with ERK2 kinase to phosphorylate Ser-172 (lanes 2,4,6). The blot was probed with anti-β-Tubulin (a.a. 168-177) (lanes 1 & 2), anti-β-Tubulin (Ser-172) (lanes 3 & 4), and anti-β-Tubulin (TM1541) (lanes 5 & 6).
Immunocytochemical labeling using anti-Actin (N-terminal) and anti-Actin (Tyr-53) polyclonal antibodies in C2C12 cells control (left) or treated with pervanadate (1 mM) for 30 min (middle). The cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde and permeabilized in acetone. Both antibodies were used in the presence of blocking peptide: Actin (N-terminal) peptide (AX1655) or phospho-Actin (Tyr-53) peptide (AX1675), respectively (right).
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*All molecular weights (MW) are confirmed by comparison to Bio-Rad Rainbow Markers and to western blotmobilities of known proteins with similar MW.
Product References:
AM2021 Pritchard, AJ et al. (2014) PLoS One. 9(6):e99444 WB: mouse splenocytesTM1541 Wang, Q. et al. (2014) J Virol. 88(9):4853 WB: HeLaAM2021 Dutta, P et al. (2014) J Neurochem. 130(3):360 WB: rat brainAM2021 Muirhead, G et al. (2014) J Mol Neurosci. 53(1):125 WB: rat brainAP1671 Vonach, C. et al. (2011) British J Cancer. 105:263. WB: human endothelial cellsTM1541 Meacham, CE. et al. (2011) Nature Genetics. 41:1133. WB: mouse lymphomaTM1541 Meshki, J. et al. (2011) PLoS ONE. 6(9):e25332. WB: U3&3MGTM1541 Campbell, S. et al. (2010) J Biol Chem. 285:4695. WB: human HeLa cellsThis kit contains:
| CATALOG# | DESCRIPTION | SIZE | APPLICATIONS | SPECIES REACTIVITY | MW (kDa) |
AP1651 | Actin (N-terminal region) Rabbit pAb | 50 μl | WB, E, IP, ICC, IHC | Hu, Rt, Ms, Ck | 42 |
AP1671 | Actin (Tyr-53), phospho-specific Rabbit pAb | 50 μl | WB, E, ICC | Hu, Rt, Ms, Ck | 42 |
AM2021 | Actin (C-terminal region) Mouse mAb | 50 μl | WB, E, ICC, IHC | Hu, Rt, Ms, Ck | 42 |
TM1541 | β-Tubulin Mouse mAb | 50 μl | WB, E,ICC | Hu, Rt, Ms | 50 |
TP1781 | β-Tubulin (a.a. 168-177) Rabbit pAb | 50 μl | WB, E,ICC | Hu, Rt, Ms, Ck | 50 |
TP1721 | β-Tubulin (Ser-172), phospho-specific Rabbit pAb | 50 μl | WB, E, ICC | Hu, Rt, Ms, Ck | 50 |
KIT SUMMARY
The actin and tubulin antibody sampler kit can be used to examine phosphorylation of actin (Tyr-53) and tubulin (Ser-172). In addition, the antibodies included in the kit can be used to detect actin and tubulin expression patterns by western blot or immunocytochemistry.
