Actin is a major cytoskeletal protein involved in diverse cellular functions including cell motility, adhesion, and morphology. Six different actin isoforms have been identified in vertebrates. There are four α isoforms: skeletal, cardiac, and two smooth muscle (enteric and aortic) actins, along with two cytoplasmic actins (β and γ). Actin exists in two principal forms, globular, monomeric (G) actin, and filamentous polymeric (F) actin. The assembly and disassembly of actin filaments, and also their organisation into functional networks, is regulated by a variety of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). Phosphorylation may also be important for regulating actin assembly and interaction with ABPs. In Dictyostelium, phosphorylation of Tyr-53 occurs in response to cell stress and this phosphorylation may alter actin polymerizaiton. In B cells, SHP-1 tyrosine dephosphorylation of actin leads to actin filament depolymerization following BCR stimulation.
References
Liu, X. et al. (2006) Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A. 103(37):13694. Winder, S.J. et al. (2005) J. Cell Sci. 118:651.Baba, T. et al. (2003) J. Immunol. 170: 3762.Jungbluth, A. et al. (1995) FEBS Let. 375:87.
Immunocytochemical labeling using anti-Actin (N-terminal) and anti-Actin (Tyr-53) polyclonal antibodies in C2C12 cells control (left) or treated with pervanadate (1 mM) for 30 min (middle). The cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde and permeabilized in acetone. Both antibodies were used in the presence of blocking peptide: Actin (N-terminal) peptide (AX1655) or phospho-Actin (Tyr-53) peptide (AX1675), respectively (right).
*For more information, see UniProt Accession P60709
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*All molecular weights (MW) are confirmed by comparison to Bio-Rad Rainbow Markers and to western blotmobilities of known proteins with similar MW.
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